|
The term "cerebrovascular" refers to the blood vessels that supply the brain with oxygen. The most commonly known cerebrovascular disease is stroke.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability among adults in the U.S. A stroke occurs when there is a blockage of bloodflow to the brain. This blockage can be caused by arteriosclerosis, an internal hemorrhage, rupture of an artery leading to the brain, an aneurysm or embolism blocking bloodflow, an arterial venous malformation or other factors. Without sufficient blood supply, the brain does not receive enough oxygen and brain tissue is destroyed.
Symptoms
A stroke usually occurs suddenly. During the stroke, the person may becomes unconscious, or have difficulty breathing and speaking. Pupils may become unequal. The skin may become cool and sweaty. One side of the body may become paralyzed.
Some people die immediately from the stroke. For those who survive, the resulting effects after the stroke depend on which parts of the brain have been damaged, and how long the oxygen supply to the brain was interrupted. Following a stroke, a patient may experience paralysis of select body parts, difficulty speaking, and diminished cognitive function.
Diagnosis
Prompt diagnosis is essential. The faster treatment can begin and oxygen is restored to the brain, the better chance the person has to make a good recovery. Physicians conduct a complete history and physical exam, perform an imaging study (CT or MRI), and draw blood for various tests in order to better define the cause and location of the stroke. Carotid doppler studies and electrocardiograms may also be performed.
Treatment
The best treatment for stroke is prevention. When a stroke occurs and brain cells die, those brain cells cannot be restored. Physicians here are involved in several clinical trials aimed at preventing recurrent stroke in people at risk, including patients with transient ischemia. Use of antiplatelet agents may reduce the clotting action of blood platelets and, therefore, reduce the likelihood of blood clots that can lead to stroke.
Stroke often follows development of cardiovascular disease (heart disease): high blood pressure (hypertension) and blockage of the arteries. Prevention efforts include a low-cholesterol diet, medications to reduce cholesterol, control of blood pressure, regular exercise, and smoking cessation.
University of Chicago neurologists work with neurosurgeons, vascular surgeons and cardiologists to help prevent stroke. For example, a patient with carotid stenosis (narrowing of the carotid artery bringing blood to the brain) may benefit from neurosurgical treatment to reopen the artery. University of Chicago cardiologists are also pioneers in the use of carotid stents, small metallic tubes, to prop open carotid arteries. Nationally recognized vascular surgeons at the University of Chicago Hospitals have expertise in surgical repair of brain aneurysms. Patients who are too elderly or frail for major surgery through the skull may benefit from a less invasive process known as embolization.
After stroke occurs, patients at the University of Chicago Hospitals receive care from neurologists who specialize in stroke. Although brain cells cannot be stored, some patients can regain some function by working with physical therapists and speech therapists here.
U of C Research in Stroke
Research activity at the University of Chicago is focused on prevention of stroke and regeneration of brain cells after stroke occurs. By studying the mechanisms that cause neural damage and brain injury during stroke, their research also may lead to better treatment options for people who have experienced stroke.
We are currently conducting a clinical trial entitled "African-American Stroke Prevention Study". This study is looking at ways to prevent second strokes among African-Americans. For further information, please call Christi Kordeck, RN at (773) 834-4604 or look at our Clinical Trials page.
Appointments
University of Chicago experts in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders:
- James R. Brorson, MD
Office hours: Thursday afternoons and Friday mornings
(773) 702-6222 or
(773) 702-7215
- Axel J. Rosengart, MD, PhD
Office hours: Tuesday afternoons
(773) 834-4604 or
(773) 834-4602
Related Websites
Stroke Center at Washington University - Many Links |
